Authors conducting their own searches should seek advice from their Cochrane Information Specialist not only on which sources to search, but also with respect to the exact strategies to be run (see Section 4.4). Cochrane Review authors should, therefore, contact their Cochrane Information Specialist at the earliest stage to find out what advice and support is available to them. The range of services, however, offered by CRGs and/or their information specialists varies according to the resources available. Most Cochrane Review Groups (CRGs) employ an information specialist to support authors. There is increasing evidence of the involvement of information specialists in systematic reviews ( Spencer and Eldredge 2018) and evidence to support the improvement in the quality of various aspects of the search process ( Rethlefsen et al 2015, Meert et al 2016, Metzendorf 2016, Aamodt et al 2019). Medical/healthcare librarians and information specialists have an integral role in the production of Cochrane Reviews.
4.2 General issues 4.2.1 Role of the information specialist/librarian Other discussion of searching for specific types of evidence appears in chapters dedicated to these types of evidence, such as Chapter 17 on intervention complexity, Chapter 20 on economic evidence and Chapter 21 on qualitative evidence.Īn online Technical Supplement to this chapter provides more detail on searching methods. Considerations for searching for non-randomized studies are discussed in Chapter 24 (see also Chapter 19 when these are specifically for adverse effects). Many of the search principles discussed, however, will also apply to other study designs. This chapter focuses on searching for randomized trials. The chapter also aims to provide advice and guidance for medical/healthcare librarians and information specialists (within and beyond Cochrane) involved in the search process to identify studies for inclusion in systematic reviews. All authors of systematic reviews should, however, identify an experienced medical/healthcare librarian or information specialist to provide support for the search process. This chapter aims to provide review authors with background information on all aspects of searching for studies so that they can better understand the search process.
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This chapter outlines some general issues in searching for studies describes the main sources of potential studies and discusses how to plan the search process, design and carry out search strategies, manage references found during the search process, correctly document the search process and select studies from the search results. Available from 4.1 IntroductionĬochrane Reviews take a systematic and comprehensive approach to identifying studies that meet the eligibility criteria for the review.
Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.3 (updated February 2022). In: Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA (editors). Chapter 4: Searching for and selecting studies.
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Published, highly sensitive, validated search filters to identify randomized trials should be considered, such as the Cochrane Highly Sensitive Search Strategies for identifying randomized trials in MEDLINE (but do not apply these randomized trial or human filters in CENTRAL).Ĭite this chapter as: Lefebvre C, Glanville J, Briscoe S, Featherstone R, Littlewood A, Marshall C, Metzendorf M-I, Noel-Storr A, Paynter R, Rader T, Thomas J, Wieland LS. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and Emtree) should be used. Search strategies should avoid using too many different search concepts but a wide variety of search terms should be combined with OR within each included concept.īoth free-text and subject headings (e.g. Searches should aim for high sensitivity, which may result in relatively low precision. Trials registers should be searched for all Cochrane Reviews and other sources such as regulatory agencies and clinical study reports (CSRs) are increasingly important for identifying study results. The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and MEDLINE, together with Embase (if access to Embase is available to the review team) should be searched for all Cochrane Reviews.Īdditionally, for all Cochrane Reviews, the Specialized Register of the relevant Cochrane Review Groups should be searched, either internally within the Review Group or via CENTRAL. Studies (not reports of studies) are included in Cochrane Reviews but identifying reports of studies is currently the most convenient approach to identifying the majority of studies and obtaining information about them and their results. Review authors should work closely, from the start of the protocol, with an experienced medical/healthcare librarian or information specialist.
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